This course begins with three acts of the mind (simple apprehension, judgment, and reasoning). It develops into a thorough understanding of syllogistic reasoning, with a careful distinction between valid and invalid syllogisms. Along the way, participants review a variety of fallacies, both formal and material. Finally, Mill’s Canons and other modern standards for scientific inferences are evaluated. Throughout the course, examples are drawn from biblical and classical literature, with encouragement for the participants to find their own examples as they read other works.